2º ESO GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

Before starting with the History section, let's review some important aspect. Please, copy in your notebook all this information:

• WHAT IS HISTORY? History is the study of the past. A person who studies history is called historian.
• WHAT ARE HISTORIANS INTERESTED IN? 
• How people lived
• Important event in the past
• WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY?
• History helps us to undersantd more about ourselves. It tells us where we come from, and explains our culture and traditions.
• You are part of history. In the future, historians will be interested IN YOUR LIFE!!
• WHAT IS A HISTORICAL SOURCE? A source is anything that gives us information about the past. There are two types of sources:
• Primary source: a source from the same time as the period we want to study. Examples: letters, photos, videos, tools diaries...
• Secondary source: A source created later by someone who was not in the period we want to study. Examples: history books, your textbook...

• HOW MANY ERAS DOES THE HISTORY HAVE? There are two: prehistory and history. They are separated by the invention of writing (circa 3250 B.C.)

Watch this video and try to understand the general idea:

Click here

Now, please watch this video in spanish to remember what the prehistory is:

Let's review the chronology.  Now, please copy the timeline in your notebook:

What period of history did you study last year? Speak up in class and try to remember.

Before starting Unit 1, we need to review the history of the Roman Empire. Watch this video and answer the following questions:

UNIT 1:  The Early Middle Ages. Germanic, Byzantine and Muslim civilisations
Unit explanation and notes: Explicación y apuntes de la unidad:

Vocabulary:

Vocabulario:

Unit outline:

Esquema de la unidad:

UNIT 2:  The Early Middle Ages. The beginning of feudalism

The Early Middle Ages in Europe was the period in which feudalism was established, spanning the 9th to the 11th  century.  In this unit, we will study the basic  characteristics of the political organisation, feudal economy and feudal society, analysing the internal divisions and the lifestyle of each estate: nobility, clergy and commoners.  Moreover the unit ends with the study of Romanesque Art and its three main manifestations: architecture, sculpture and painting. 

TASK 2.1_ SKILL PROGRESS

Watch the video. If you need help to understand everything, click the button that I show you in the below picture (you will get the transcript):

Then , translate any word that you do not understand and copy it in your notebook. Once you have a clear understanding of the facts, you will be prepared to answer the following activities.

TASK 2.2_ OUTLINE

Use the vocabulary of the unit to complete the outline:

Vocabulary 

Outline

FEUDAL SOCIETY

Please, complete your lecture notes with this summary:

Finally, here you are a battery of questions that you have to study to the exam. There are eight questions about the unit. Check your progress and good luck!

UNIT 3:  The Iberian Peninsula between the 8th and 11th centuries
This unit deals with the Middle Ages on the Iberian Peninsula and is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the geopolitical space of al-Andalus during the period between the Muslim conquest and the desintegration of the Caliphate into small taifas. The following topics are examined: the historical evolution of al-Andalus; political and economic organisation; agricultural activities and the importance of water for irrigation and public baths; art in the Caliphate, focused on the Mosque of Córdoba. The second part of the unit studies the formation and evolution of the Christian Kingdoms on the Peninsula, their government, economic activities and society Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque art are also examined along with the religious, economic and cultural importance of the Camino de Santiago. 

TASK 3.1_ INTRODUCTION

TASK 3.2_ GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF AL-ANDALUS

TASK 3.3_ OUTLINE

Vocabulary:

Notes: - About point 5: "Núcleos de resistencia cristianos (722-1035)"

Now check your progress in english:
UNIT 3


UNIT 3


UNIT 3

UNIT 3

UNIT 4:  The High and Late Middle Ages. From urban renaissance to crisis.

This unit is organised into two parts, which correspond to the High and the Late Middle Ages in Europe. The first part analyses the changes experienced by the feudal system in Europe between the 11th and 13th centuries: the emergence of Parliaments, technical innovation in agriculture, the recovery of urban life - specifying its causes, the spatial organisation of cities, their governing bodies, economic activities and new social groups- cultural renewal- the emergence of universities-, the features of religiosity during this time and the main manifestations of Gothic art. The second part of the unit deals with the 14th-century crisis and the beginning of the recovery in the 15th century. 

The next video in spanish will help you understand better the unit.

Vocabulary:

UNIT 5:  The Iberian Peninsula between the 11th and 15th centuries.

In this unit, we analyse the evolution of the Christian and Muslim kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula in the High and Late Middle Ages, between the 11th and 15th centuries.  We focus on the analysis of the political, economic and cultural evolution of the different kingdoms; on understanding the processes of the conquest and resettlement of the Christian Kingdoms and their relationship to al-Andalus; on interpreting significant historical maps and describing the evolution of Gothic and Islamic Art.  We also analyse the causes and consequences of the 14th-century crisis. 
Task 5.2_ Improve your technique

UNIT 6: The start of the Middle Age.  The 15th and 16th centuries.

This unit is focused on the 15th and 16th centuries and the political, economic, social, cultural and artistic changes that took place during these centuries in relation to the Middle Ages. Over the course of this chapter, you will learn to distinguish between the different historical periods that are used, develop an understanding of the geographical discoveries made by the Castilians and Portuguese and be able to assess their consequences. It will also help you to understand the works and cultural legacy of the artists, humanists, and scientists of the period. Task 6.1_ The discovery of America

Task 6.2_ A humanist's perspective

Task 6.3_ Outline

Vocabulary unit 6

Here you are an outline about the modern state. Copy it in your notebook.